The fusion of politics and cinema in India has taken a troubling turn, with Bollywood
increasingly becoming an extension of the ruling party’s propaganda machine. The research
conducted by Mary Hunter sheds light on how films produced between March 2022 and
February 2024 have mirrored the BJP government’s narratives, particularly in their portrayal
of the revocation of Article 370 and the demonization of Muslims. This trend raises critical
questions about the role of cinema in a democratic society and the ethical responsibilities of
filmmakers.
Propaganda Through Cinema
Bollywood has long been a powerful cultural force in India, with its films shaping societal
values and public opinion. However, the recent alignment of Bollywood narratives with BJP’s
political agenda marks a departure from its traditional role. Films like “The Kashmir Files”
and “Article 370” exemplify this shift, serving as vehicles for political propaganda rather than
objective storytelling. These films glorify the BJP’s controversial decision to revoke Article
370, presenting it as a bold and necessary move to bring stability and development to Jammu
and Kashmir. This narrative conveniently ignores the historical complexities and the adverse
effects of the revocation on the local population. Instead of fostering a nuanced
understanding, these films propagate a simplistic and biased view that aligns with the BJP’s
electoral strategy.
Stereotyping and Demonizing Muslims
One of the most disturbing aspects of this cinematic trend is the portrayal of Muslims. Both
“The Kashmir Files” and “Article 370” depict Muslims primarily as terrorists, corrupt
officials, and aggressors, perpetuating harmful stereotypes that contribute to widespread
Islamophobia. This portrayal aligns with the BJP’s rhetoric, which has increasingly embraced
anti-Muslim narratives to consolidate its voter base. Hunter’s research highlights how these
films reinforce negative biases against Muslims, portraying them as the perpetual villains
while ignoring their legitimate grievances and the human rights abuses they suffer. This one-
sided depiction not only dehumanizes Muslims but also distracts from the broader socio-
political issues that need addressing.
Political Motives Behind the Films
The alignment of Bollywood with the BJP’s political motives is not a coincidence. The BJP
has a history of using cultural and religious symbols to further its political agenda, and
Bollywood provides a potent platform to influence public opinion. By portraying the
revocation of Article 370 in a positive light and demonizing Muslims, these films serve to
bolster the BJP’s nationalist and divisive narratives. During the 2024 elections, the BJP’s
campaign was marked by overtly Islamophobic rhetoric. Prime Minister Modi and other
leaders used inflammatory language to paint Muslims as a threat to national security and
social harmony. This rhetoric is echoed in the films, which contribute to a climate of fear and
mistrust towards the Muslim community.
Societal Consequences
The societal impact of this propaganda is significant. The biased portrayal of Muslims in
popular films reinforces existing prejudices and fosters a culture of intolerance and division.
It also shifts the focus away from the pressing issues facing the country, such as economic
inequality, unemployment, and governance failures. Instead of addressing these challenges,
the government and its allies in the film industry focus on creating divisive narratives that
serve their political interests. Moreover, the glorification of the revocation of Article 370 and
the demonization of Muslims further alienate already marginalized communities. In Jammu
and Kashmir, the ground reality starkly contrasts with the utopian vision presented in these
films. Reports from human rights organizations indicate increased violence, repression, and
lack of political representation in the region, issues that are conspicuously absent from the
cinematic portrayal.
Conclusion
Mary Hunter’s research provides a vital perspective on the troubling nexus between
Bollywood and the BJP’s political agenda. The use of cinema as a tool for propaganda not
only distorts reality but also undermines the democratic principles of fair representation and
truthfulness. By perpetuating harmful stereotypes and glorifying contentious political actions,
films like “The Kashmir Files” and “Article 370” contribute to a divided and polarized
society. It is crucial to critically examine and challenge these narratives to ensure that cinema
remains a force for truth and inclusivity in Indian society.
